Exposure Definitions and Explanations

There are three parts of Exposure:

Aperture: The Lens Opening; AKA The F-stop (Inside the Lens)

Shutter Speed: How fast the shutter opens and closes (inside the camera body)

ISO: The numerical exposure index of a photographic film under the system adopted by the International Standardization Organization (ISO), used to indicate the light sensitivity of the film’s emulsion; AKA Film Speed (Relates to the Film and is set inside the Camera menu)

A Breakdown of each part of Exposure:

APERTURE:

Aperture works like the pupil of your eye–It gets wider in the dark and smaller in bright light.

Wide Apertures are used during low lighting situations to let in a lot of light. Examples of wide apertures: F/1, F/2, F3.5, F/4.  Wide Apertures usually result in narrowing your depth of field.

Medium Wide Aperture is standard on all lenses: F/5.6

Small Apertures are used for very bright lighting situations to let in a small amount of light. Examples: F/22. F/24, F/30, F/32, F/36

SHUTTER SPEED:

How fast the shutter opens and closes can also control how much light enters a camera. A slower shutter speed lets in more light than a faster shutter speed. Shutter Speed is a fraction of a second.

BULB is a feature used to control how long the shutter stays open. With BULB, the shutter will stay open as long as you hold down the shutter release button.

Slow shutter speeds are used for low lighting situations and often require the use of a Tripod. Examples: 30” (“ stands for seconds), 25”, 15”, 1”, 1/10, 1/25, 1/30

Medium fast shutter speed is used for low action shooting situations and is standard on all cameras: 1/60

1/125 is the slowest shutter speed you can use to stop action. If you use a slower shutter speed, the action will blur.

Fast Shutter Speeds are used to stop action or can be used during extremely bright lighting situations. Examples: 1/500, 1/800, 1/1000, 1/4000, 1/8000

ISO:
The Film or sensor’s sensitivity to light, also known as Film Speed.

100 to 200: Used for Daylight

400: All purpose, indoors and outdoors

800 or higher: Low lighting

ISOs greater than 1600 will produce visual noise (grainy with film) in a picture.  Visual noise appears as red, green and blue specks in the image.

Posted in Aperture, Definitions, Exposure, GCC Class, ISO, Shutter Speed | Leave a comment

Camera Modes

The following is a list of the automatic and manual modes that you will find on your camera.  You will find these mode symbols and icons located on your mode dial on the top of your DSLR camera–or in the scene modes on a point and shoot camera.

MANUAL/SEMI-AUTOMATIC MODES
M = Manual Mode: You set everything yourself.  This mode gives you complete control to achieve your desired photographic results.
P = Program Mode: The camera figures out your Aperture and Shutter Speed.  This mode is used for metering.  You put the camera into Program mode, shoot the ground, look at the settings and put those settings into Manual Mode.  Then you can bracket, meaning you go one stop up and one stop down in your settings to see which is the correct exposure.

A, Av = Aperture Priority Mode: You set the Aperture and the camera figures out the Shutter Speed. This is used in extreme lighting conditions.

S,Tv = Shutter Priority Mode: You set the Shutter Speed and the camera figures out the Aperture. This is used for action and sports.

C1, C2 = These are saved custom settings that you create.

COMPLETELY AUTOMATIC MODES

= Landscape Mode: Landscape is the setting you would use to take outdoor pictures of something in the distance, a wide angle shot of landscape. In this mode, the camera will attempt capture detail in foreground and background by using high f-stop (aperture) settings.

= Macro Mode: Macro is the setting for taking pictures a very short distance from the subject, things like flowers or birds, and you want to get a lot of detail in the shot.  This mode is mainly used for close-up pictures.

= Night Mode: Night mode creates longer exposures to capture darker scenes.  This mode is used for taking pictures of a fairly close subject at night, or in low light conditions. It can create some nice motion effects and is fun to use at parties and weddings.

= Portrait Mode: Portrait is the mode for taking portrait type pictures of people.  In this mode, to attempt to blur out the background, camera will try to use the fastest available lens setting (aperture).  This mode works on medium distance pictures.

= Sports Mode: Sports/Action mode is for taking pictures of action or moving objects.  To freeze motion, camera will use the highest shutter speed possible.  The main problem with this mode is that the camera will also determine your focus point and the focus point will move around based on what the camera thinks you want to focus, not what you actually want to focus on.

A-DEP      = Automatic Depth of Field.  This is found on Canon cameras.  Canon’s auto depth of field (A-DEP) feature works by (1) finding the nearest and furthest of all the autofocus points, (2) setting the camera’s focusing distance to optimally position the depth of field between these nearest and furthest points, and (3) setting the aperture so that the edges of the depth of field extend far enough to contain these nearest and furthest points.

Posted in Camera Modes, GCC Class | Leave a comment

Marwencol

Last night, I went to the LA Film Festival and saw the film “Marwencol.”  This is an amazing story about Mark Hogancamp, a man who was badly beaten and suffered severe brain-damage, forcing him to start his life over from scratch.  Mark had to relearn how to walk and talk.  His memory of his life before the beating vanished and he truly had to start his life over again at the age of 38.

Here is Mark’s story (from the website, http://www.marwencol.com/) : After being beaten into a brain-damaging coma by five men outside a bar, Mark built a 1/6th scale World War II-era town in his backyard. Mark populated the town he dubbed “Marwencol” with dolls representing his friends and family and created life-like photographs detailing the town’s many relationships and dramas. Playing in the town and photographing the action helped Mark to recover his hand-eye coordination and deal with the psychic wounds from the attack. Through his homemade therapy, Mark was able to begin the long journey back into the “real world”, both physically and emotionally – something he continues to struggle with today.

Mark is living proof that photography can serve as therapy.  With photography, you can lose yourself in the image, in the vision that you create.  And like I always tell my kids, every photograph tells a story and for Mark, he was able to use photography to tell the story, the story of Marwencol and the lives being lived there. 

This is truly an amazing and inspirational film.  I recommend that everyone, especially those with an interest in photography, see it.  Right now it is playing the Film Festival circuit but I think it is going to be airing on PBS at some point.  Check the website, http://www.marwencol.com/ for details or I will post an update when I find out.

There is also a storybook called “Welcome to Marwencol” by Mark Hogancamp that is now available for sale in a limited edition printing. This 80 page, full-color storybook represents the first installment in the Marwencol saga, in which Captain “Hogie” Hogancamp (Mark’s alter ego) crash lands in Belgium and stumbles upon the mysterious town that will become his home.  I bought this book at the LA Film Festival and I plan on using it as a reference book, as well as a book of inspiration for my students.  This is a book created by a man who is a self-taught photographer.  As a photography teacher I am amazed by his god-given talent–he would definitely get an A in my class and I’m a tough teacher.  Books are $25 each (free shipping in the U.S.; $5 international). To purchase a copy of “Welcome to Marwencol,” go to the website http://www.marwencol.com/.  The proceeds of the book go toward helping Mark and his family.

(The photographs used in this post are from the Marwencol website, http://www.marwencol.com/ and are only being used to help promote the film and Mark’s work.)

Posted in Marwencol, Photography as Therapy, storytelling | Leave a comment

Miss B’s Photography Neighborhood: Episode 1

Posted in Miss B's Photography Neighborhood Show | Leave a comment

Miss B’s Photography Neighborhood Teaser

Posted in Miss B's Photography Neighborhood Show | Leave a comment

I’m finally starting a Photography Blog!

After being pestered by friends and students, I am finally starting a photography blog.  My goal is to make this blog coincide with the photography courses that I teach through Glendale Community College’s Community Services Education program.  I teach basic and advanced photography courses.  I will do my best to make this blog informational, educational, inspirational and entertaining.

~Miss B.

Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a comment